RENO — Ecosystems of terminus lakes around the world could benefit from a new system being developed at the University of Nevada, Reno to desalinate water using a specialized low-cost solar pond and patented membrane distillation system powered by renewable energy.

“These lakes — hundreds worldwide, such as the Great Salt Lake, the Salton Sea, the Aral Sea and Walker Lake here in Nevada — see a decline in water levels and an increase in salinity from both human and natural processes,” said Francisco Suarez, a doctoral student in hydrological sciences at the university. “The high levels of salinity are dangerous and unsustainable for aquatic life.”

He presented a portion of his solar pond research last month at the annual fall American Geophysical Union (AGU) conference in San Francisco that was attended by 16,000 geophysicists from around the world and a paper on his project will be published in the International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer in early 2010.

Suarez is developing a process that traps solar heat at the bottom of the solar pond and uses the collected energy to power the distillation system recently patented by the university. The hot brine in the lower storage zone of the pond, which can reach temperatures greater than 195 degrees Fahrenheit, may then be used directly for heating, thermal desalination or for other low-temperature thermal applications.

The process has been highly successful in the lab in a small-scale experiment using a 400-gallon tank, where dissolved solids and precise fiber-optic temperature sensing are being used to track the process as it desalinates the water. The next step for Suarez and the research group is to build a pilot-project, demonstration-scale, low-temperature desalination system in an open environment.

Suarez is working on this novel approach for sustainable production of freshwater with Civil and Environmental Engineering Department professor and Chairwoman Amy Childress and professor Scott Tyler of the Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering. Childress and colleagues developed the patented membrane distillation system and Tyler developed the distributed temperature sensing system, which uses a laser and fiber-optic cable to record temperatures in the solar pond.

The system is designed to help sustain the ecosystems of closed-basin lake regions where there is no outflow for the water and a high evaporation rate, leaving a high concentration of minerals and salts.

The cost to run the system is negligible because it uses the renewable energy of the sun, trapped as heat in the bottom, to power most of the system.

Tyler said the process could serve as one component of a salinity management program and, coupled with other remediation efforts, could desalinate Walker Lake enough to make it a safe aquatic habitat. The new technology he and his colleagues have developed could be applied to declining water systems anywhere, with preference to areas with good solar capabilities and adequate freshwater flows.